{"id":8135,"date":"2023-09-23T12:23:59","date_gmt":"2023-09-23T12:23:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sportcakes.com\/?p=8135"},"modified":"2023-09-24T08:40:58","modified_gmt":"2023-09-24T08:40:58","slug":"stadiums-through-history-from-the-colosseums-to-the-present","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sportcakes.com\/cs\/stadiony-pres-historii-od-kolosea-az-po-soucasnost\/","title":{"rendered":"Stadiony nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d histori\u00ed \u2013 od kolose\u00ed po sou\u010dasnost"},"content":{"rendered":"

Stadiony nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d histori\u00ed \u2013 od kolose\u00ed po sou\u010dasnost <\/span><\/strong><\/p>

Jak se za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed za ta l\u00e9ta zm\u011bnilo a co se zlep\u0161ilo dnes? <\/em><\/strong><\/p>

Po tis\u00edce let slou\u017eily sportovn\u00ed stadiony jako m\u00edsto, kde se sch\u00e1zeli div\u00e1ci, aby obdivovali sportovn\u00ed v\u00fdkony sv\u00fdch obl\u00edbenc\u016f. Od starov\u011bk\u00e9ho \u0158ecka a starov\u011bk\u00e9ho \u0158\u00edma a\u017e po sou\u010dasnost jsou stadiony pro lidi nesm\u00edrn\u011b cenn\u00e9 a \u010dasto se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed kulturn\u00edmi nebo architektonick\u00fdmi ikonami civilizac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je stav\u00ed. V dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b se vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed i pro jin\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, nap\u0159\u00edklad pro koncerty nebo akce podobn\u00e9ho charakteru. Jejich struktura je takov\u00e1, \u017ee umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u0161em div\u00e1k\u016fm na tribun\u00e1ch vid\u011bt, co se d\u011bje na h\u0159i\u0161ti, dr\u00e1ze nebo jevi\u0161ti. <\/p>

Je \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9, jak se sportovn\u00ed stadion postupem \u010dasu vyv\u00edjel a p\u0159itom z\u016fstal v\u011brn\u00fd sv\u00fdm d\u00e1vn\u00fdm ko\u0159en\u016fm. <\/p>

Nejstar\u0161\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00e1 takov\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z let p\u0159ed novou dobou. Byly postaveny pro po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed olympijsk\u00fdch her, kde byli sta\u0159\u00ed \u0158ekov\u00e9 sv\u011bdky sportovn\u00edch akc\u00ed p\u0159edv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fd lidsk\u00fd atletick\u00fd v\u00fdkon. Od roku 776 p\u0159. n. l. Des\u00edtky tis\u00edc ob\u010dan\u016f se shroma\u017e\u010fuj\u00ed v Olympii, aby sledovaly prvn\u00ed olympijsk\u00fd z\u00e1vod, b\u011bh na 200 yard\u016f. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku byla dr\u00e1ha jednodu\u0161e udusan\u00e1 hl\u00edna, ale pozd\u011bji se objevily jednoduch\u00e9 hranice, kter\u00e9 vytvo\u0159ily samostatn\u00e9 koridory a tak\u00e9 ploch\u00e9 kameny, kter\u00e9 umo\u017enily ka\u017ed\u00e9mu b\u011b\u017eci startovat z rovn\u00e9ho povrchu. Stojany jsou ve tvaru podkovy nebo "U".   <\/p>

\u0158ekov\u00e9 tak\u00e9 stav\u011bli hipodromy, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly podobn\u00e9 uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, ale byly dostate\u010dn\u011b \u0161irok\u00e9, aby se do nich ve\u0161ly z\u00e1vody voz\u016f ta\u017een\u00fdch \u010dty\u0159mi ko\u0148mi. Jedn\u00edm z prvn\u00edch velk\u00fdch stadion\u016f byl Panathinaic v At\u00e9n\u00e1ch, kter\u00fd byl postaven v roce 330. p\u0159. n. l. a m\u00e1 kapacitu 50 tis\u00edc lid\u00ed. Je zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed, \u017ee je jedin\u00fd na sv\u011bt\u011b vyroben\u00fd z mramoru a dodnes je neporu\u0161en\u00fd. Byl pou\u017eit na olympijsk\u00fdch hr\u00e1ch v \u0159eck\u00e9 metropoli v roce 2004. <\/p>

\u0158\u00edman\u00e9 vylep\u0161ili my\u0161lenku stadionu a vytvo\u0159ili kruhov\u00e9 amfite\u00e1try. P\u0159edstavuj\u00ed modern\u00ed stadion sv\u00fdm kruhov\u00fdm uzav\u0159en\u00fdm designem, kter\u00fd optimalizuje z\u00e1\u017eitek div\u00e1k\u016f. Po\u0159\u00e1daj\u00ed se na n\u011bm r\u016fzn\u00e9 akce, mezi nimi\u017e jsou nejatraktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed gladi\u00e1torsk\u00e9 bitvy, divadeln\u00ed hry, lov exotick\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at a dokonce i popravy. \u010casem zni\u010den\u00e9, ale st\u00e1le viditeln\u00e9 Koloseum v \u0158\u00edm\u011b pojme minim\u00e1ln\u011b 60 tis\u00edc div\u00e1k\u016f, co\u017e se rovn\u00e1 pom\u011brn\u011b velk\u00e9mu stadionu. <\/p>

Sta\u0159\u00ed \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 tak\u00e9 postavili Circus Maximus, co\u017e byla ar\u00e9na pro z\u00e1vody voz\u016f. M\u00e1 kapacitu 150 tis\u00edc m\u00edst a akce, kter\u00e9 se tam konaj\u00ed, jsou je\u0161t\u011b nap\u00ednav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a n\u011bkdy i smrteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e z\u00e1pasy gladi\u00e1tor\u016f. <\/p>

P\u00e1d \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e s sebou p\u0159inesl stalet\u00ed trvaj\u00edc\u00ed pauzu v inovac\u00edch stadion\u016f. Teprve ve st\u0159edov\u011bku byly vybudov\u00e1ny n\u011bkter\u00e9 sportovn\u00ed ar\u00e9ny. P\u0159\u00edkladem toho jsou m\u00edsta, kde se odehr\u00e1vaj\u00ed bitvy mezi jezdci s velk\u00fdmi kop\u00edmi. Jsou v\u0161ak m\u00edstem pro um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed mal\u00e9 tribuny na z\u00e1meck\u00e9m n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed nebo na voln\u00e9m prostranstv\u00ed s prostorem rozd\u011blen\u00fdm na dva plotem, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9mu st\u0159etu kon\u00ed a ozbrojenc\u016f. jinak ne\u017e sv\u00fdmi zbran\u011bmi. Teprve po vzniku nov\u00fdch organizovan\u00fdch sport\u016f, jako je fotbal, kriket, americk\u00fd fotbal a baseball, za\u010dala ve\u0159ejnost d\u00e1vat n\u00e1pady na stavbu modern\u00edho stadionu. <\/p>

Na po\u010d\u00e1tku 19. stolet\u00ed angli\u010dt\u00ed architekti o\u017eivili um\u011bn\u00ed tohoto za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Prvn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem je kriketov\u00e9 h\u0159i\u0161t\u011b Lord's Cricket Ground v Lond\u00fdn\u011b, kter\u00e9 bylo postaveno, aby uspokojilo kriketov\u00e9 \u0161\u00edlenstv\u00ed anglick\u00e9 metropole. Je to tak\u00e9 jeden z nejstar\u0161\u00edch stadion\u016f, na kter\u00e9m se dodnes konaj\u00ed z\u00e1pasy. <\/p>

Celkov\u011b byly prvn\u00ed modern\u00ed stadiony stav\u011bny s my\u0161lenkou, aby byly vhodn\u00e9 pro ur\u010dit\u00e9 akce. V Brit\u00e1nii rychle vznikaj\u00ed fotbalov\u00e9 stadiony, zat\u00edmco baseballov\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se objevuj\u00ed ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech. Jedn\u00edm z prvn\u00edch multisportovn\u00edch stadion\u016f byl Landsdowne Road Stadium v Irsku. Na n\u011bm je krom\u011b fotbalov\u00e9ho h\u0159i\u0161t\u011b i atletick\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha. <\/p>

S o\u017eiven\u00edm olympijsk\u00fdch her na konci 19. stolet\u00ed byla tak\u00e9 o\u017eivena my\u0161lenka skute\u010dn\u011b modern\u00edho stadionu. Pro \u010dtvrt\u00e9 hry v roce 1908 bylo postaveno prvn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148ovalo provozovat r\u016fzn\u00e9 sporty. Tohle je White City Stadium v Lond\u00fdn\u011b. Tribuny s v\u00edce ne\u017e 50 000 m\u00edsty jsou \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b zast\u0159e\u0161en\u00e9, co\u017e je absolutn\u00ed novinka. To vede k v\u00fdstavb\u011b v\u00edce podobn\u00fdch stadion\u016f. <\/p>

V prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b 20. stolet\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b vzrostl po\u010det stadion\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohly m\u011b\u0159it velikost za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m \u0158\u00edm\u011b, a jedn\u00edm z nejp\u016fsobiv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f je Stakhovsk\u00fd stadion v Praze, postaven\u00fd v roce 1934 a maj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 240 tis. sedadla. <\/p>

V pr\u016fb\u011bhu let se design stadion\u016f drasticky zm\u011bnil, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e se tvary velmi li\u0161ily. N\u011bkter\u00e9 jsou obd\u00e9ln\u00edkov\u00e9 se zak\u0159iven\u00fdmi rohy, jin\u00e9 jsou eliptick\u00e9, dal\u0161\u00ed jsou podobn\u00e9 staro\u0159eck\u00fdm stadion\u016fm ve tvaru podkovy. V\u00fdstavbu velk\u00fdch stadion\u016f ve 20. stolet\u00ed zna\u010dn\u011b usnadnilo pou\u017eit\u00ed \u017eelezobetonu. <\/p>

Teprve v roce 1959 byl postaven prvn\u00ed stadion, kter\u00fd nem\u011bl sloupy podp\u00edraj\u00edc\u00ed st\u0159echu. Tohle je Dodger Stadium v Los Angeles. Tento p\u0159\u00edklad byl n\u00e1sledov\u00e1n po cel\u00fdch USA a pot\u00e9 ve zbytku sv\u011bta. O \u0161est let pozd\u011bji se objevil prvn\u00ed pln\u011b kryt\u00fd stadion. Tohle je Houston Astrodome. <\/p>

V pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1zi se objevila mo\u017enost vyu\u017eit\u00ed nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f k podpo\u0159e obrovsk\u00fdch st\u0159e\u0161n\u00edch konstrukc\u00ed a vznikly tak nejluxusn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stadiony na sv\u011bt\u011b. Dne\u0161n\u00ed technologie umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu takov\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed a n\u011bkter\u00e9 z nejlep\u0161\u00edch budou k vid\u011bn\u00ed v Kataru b\u011bhem mistrovstv\u00ed sv\u011bta ve fotbale 2022. <\/p>

.<\/span><\/span><\/p>

.<\/span><\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jak stadiony vznikaly a jak se zm\u011bnily<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6622,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,145],"tags":[157,73],"class_list":["post-8135","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-all","category-football","tag-776-b-c","tag-worldwide"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 - \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0435\u0443\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0441 - Sportcakes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sportcakes.com\/cs\/stadiony-pres-historii-od-kolosea-az-po-soucasnost\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" 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